Back-Formation

Back-Formation Back-Formation Back-Formation By Maeve Maddox Back-formation is one of several methods by which new words are added to the language. An often-quoted example is the word pea. Before pea was created by back-formation, English had the singular noun pease. Here are two examples of its early use from the OED, (some spellings altered): All this world’s pride is not worth a pease. As like as one pease is to another. The plural was peasen: The leaves of beans and peasen Cherries, gooseberries, and green peasen Over time, as -s shoved out -en as the sign of the plural, speakers came to feel that pease was a plural; thus was born our singular pea and its plural form peas. Back-formation is especially frequent in the creation of new verbs. Some writers use the verb â€Å"to back form,† a back-formation of back-formation; so far, this coinage hasn’t made it into either the OED or M-W. Sometimes the coinage is intentionally jocular, as with the verb buttle from butler: â€Å"Nobody could buttle like James† Sometimes the new verb formed from a noun fills a need and is quietly absorbed into the language, like the verb edit from editor. At their first appearance in the language, back-formations often stir feelings of revulsion. Test your own reactions to the following sentences: I  hate  it when people  enthuse  too much over food. Ive met him twice, but never had  the chance to conversate. To what extentdid the US intelligence community surveil the anti-apartheid movement in the United States?† Now I would  never dis my  own mama just to get recognition.   Britains most senior police officer is liaising with US law agencies. Have you accepted the legitimacy of the back-formations that have created the verbs enthuse, conversate, surveil, dis (also spelled diss), and liaise? Or do you get that fingernail on the blackboard feeling when you see them or hear them? Conversely, gauge your reaction to these verbs: diagnose, donate, eavesdrop, evaluate, kidnap, manipulate, proliferate, and vaccinate. My guess is that the second list raised nobody’s blood pressure. Yet, each of the verbs in this list is a back-formation from a pre-existing noun: diagnosis, donation, eavesdropper, evaluation, kidnapper, manipulation, proliferation, and vaccination. Time and usage will determine whether back-formations like surveil and conversate will prevail. The determining factor will be usefulness. If the coinage is felt to fill a gap in the language, speakers will eventually embrace it. Related posts: â€Å"Kudo vs Kudos† â€Å"Vaccination and Baccalaureate† â€Å"Why We Love To Hate Liaise† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Punctuating â€Å"So† at the Beginning of a SentenceHomogeneous vs. Heterogeneous40 Words Beginning with "Para-"

Dexter Essays - Dexter, Walter Dexter, Dexter Township, Free Essays

Dexter Essays - Dexter, Walter Dexter, Dexter Township, Free Essays [Your Name] [Instructor Name] [Course Number] [Date] Ever since I was a child I have a child I have always wanted to be a Doctor. It all began when I seen my Mother with her lab coat i have always aspired to be the same. To do So I plan to major in pre-med, however pre-med is not a major so I would major in biology. Biology is really such a broad field which could lead you on to study living organisms such as animals, plants, humans or even bacteria, to help develop biological knowledge and understanding of living processes for a number of different purposes, including treatment of disease and sustaining the natural environment. biology is such a large field because you pretty much study the basis of every living thing and what characteristics make them living. Since I would like too become a Doctor I have a long path of schooling I must complete. First I have to take all the proper courses that would allow me to be medically qualified. I must take all my bio math, chemistry, health course and earn my bachelor degree. I must all show that I am a involved student that really cares about the well being of others by volunteering and doing(MCAT) which all medical students must take to enter medical school. According to

Communication to mitigate disasters Research Paper

Communication to mitigate disasters - Research Paper Example gger than 1.5 x 2 kilometres because we are unable to adequately control the focus of the map from http://webmap.city.burnaby.bc.ca/publicmap/viewer.htm. On the other hand, the vertical distance from 4788 Brentwood Drive is smaller than 1.5 kilometres whether northward or southward. The relatively short vertical distance attempts to offset the relatively bigger horizontal coverage of the map. On checking, however, the area covered by Figure 1 is about 6.9 square kilometres versus the 7.07 square kilometres implied by a 1.5-kilometres radius from 4788 Brentwood Drive. Based on the formula pi x radius-squared for area, a 1.5 kilometres radius implies 7.07 square kilometres. The website http://webmap.city.burnaby.bc.ca/publicmap/viewer.htm, which is controlled and managed by the Burnaby City government, is developing a menu for estimating the population of a sector of Burnaby. However, the author conducted several hours and days of attempts to estimate the population of the area covered by Figure 1 using the menu and failed. Possibly, the website is not yet ready to execute the population estimation function at the time of author’s attempt to access the website although the website was updated last 17 September 2010. However, if we use the latest edition of the Burnaby Quick Facts that was produced in 2008, the material documented that one square kilometre of Burnaby has a population density of 2,275.6 individuals as of 2006. Thus, it appears reasonable to estimate that the area covered by Figure 1 has a population of roughly 15,702 persons as of 2006. Of course, we can project the population up to 2010 based on the population growth figures but there is no need for us to do that. In a 2004 report, the United Nations Development Programme defined risk as â€Å"the probability of harmful consequences or expected loss of lives, people injured, property, livelihoods, economic activity disrupted (or environment damaged) resulting from interactions between natural or

Disscussion Question 1 Week 3 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Disscussion Question 1 Week 3 - Assignment Example From the funding, small businesses are able to increase their performance and operations width. In the current economy, it would be risky to expand operations in a business without proper funding (Bruchey, 2003). The funding gives small businesses the confidence they need to venture into high rewarding business ventures. Apart from the financial offering help, the SBA has much greater significant. The body offers business resources which are at the disposal of the small businesses. Additionally, the body plays the advocate for businesses in the government. The body also develops programs which are of great help to small businesses and offer direct loans (Bruchey, 2003). As a small business owner I would request for the help of the SBA. Firstly, I have to generate a business plan with future prospects of profit making. It would be advisable to ask for a suitable financial program and plan before asking for financial assistance. With an advised operating and financial program I would then request for a loan to foresee the drafted financial program by the

Motivating the Employees Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Motivating the Employees - Case Study Example If Maryann is solely responsible for such behavior, then Burt can set Harriet Simon, who had always maintained the reports properly, as an example. However, Maryann failed to properly record the data, and this created grievances among the employees. Such irresponsible behavior by Maryann can considerably reduce the productivity of the employees. Burt needs to communicate to Maryann that such incident occurring due to her actions might lower the morale of the staff. In order to correct the irresponsible behavior of Maryann, it is quite imperative for Burt to act immediately – to identify the reasons for her actions and take corresponding measures to improve the behavior of Maryann and thus stimulate responsible work. Maryann must be reminded of the policies and the procedures of the company that she is supposed to abide by. The meeting can be conducted with Maryann and other employees to discuss the incidents of irresponsibility. During this meeting, the impacts of such unfavor able scenario on the organizational productivity should be addressed and certain corrective strategies developed. Burt could have prevented the dilemma by making his viewpoints apparent to Maryann at the time when he realized that the attitude of Maryann was quite unfavorable and she was incapable of accomplishing the delegated task. If Burt had corrected Maryann at the time she committed a mistake, he would have conveniently prevented the dilemma from occurring. If the evidence of poor performance had been produced before Maryann, the matter would have been resolved. When the evidence reveals the fact that there is an issue with an individual’s performance in terms of conduct, then it is necessary to refer to an organization’s disciplinary procedure. Training and coaching could have been offered to Maryann in order to improve her skills. Through adequate mentoring, Burt could have developed the knowledge  and the skills of Maryann. It is apparent from the case that Maryann was not serious enough and also did not properly focus on her job responsibilities.  

Hyatt Regency Walkway Design Analysis

Hyatt Regency Walkway Design Analysis The Hyatt Regency Walkway was an engineering design that was made in a hotel in Kansas. The construction began in spring of 1978. Then the Eldridge Construction Company entered  a subcontract with the company of Havens Steel in which they had agreed to fabricate and erect  the atrium steel for the Hyatt project. There were events and communications between both  companies about determining to change the design from a single to a double hanger rod box  beam connection for use on the fourth floor walkway. Then there was a setback because on  October 14, 1979, part of the atrium roof collapsed while the hotel was still in construction. They started an investigation of what caused the roof to collapse. Then into November there were reports and meetings between the owner and the architect assuring that the entire atrium was Safe. In July of 1980, the construction was completed and the Kansas City Regency Hotel opened. Introduction On July 17, 1981, the Hyatt Regency Hotel in Kansas City   held a videotaped dance party in their atrium lobby. With many party-goers standing and dancing on the suspended walkways, connections supporting the ceiling rods that held up the second and fourth floor walkways across the atrium failed, and both walkways collapsed onto the crowded first floor atrium below. Background In 19760, the Crown Center Redevelopment Corporation started a project to design and also build the Hyatt Regency Hotel in Kansas City. There were some companies that were called to help with this project. One of them was the Gillum Colaco, which   had agreed to provide all the services for the Hyatt project. Then on April 4, they entered the real contract in.The G.C.E. were responsible for the drawings for the project. The walkways were not designed right because they were all connected to the 4th floor walkway. Investigation They went to the company that was responsible for the design and saw that they didnt support the rods well, thats why the walkways collapsed into the center of the dance were 114 people died and 216 people got injured. They then figured out what to do with the designer. Findings and recommendations References ENGINEERING.com. Hyatt Regency Walkway Collapse ENGINEERING.com. Hyatt Regency Walkway Collapse ENGINEERING.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Dec. 2016.   It was a vertically contiguous walkway that collapsed onto the tea dance that was in the hotel lobby. The walkway killed about 114 and injured 216, at that time that was the deadliest structural collapse in U.S history before the collapse of the World Trade Center towers. Background: The construction for the 40 story building began in May 1978. There were delays and setbacks including an incident that happened on October 14, 1979 when a 2,700 square foot of the atrium roof collapsed due to the failure of one of the connections at its northern end, the hotel still was officially opened on July 1,1980. The building was constructed to one of the walkways that had to also hold the weight of two others which in that case when 1,600 people gathered in the atrium to participate in and watch the tea dance and when there was 40 people on the second level walkway and more on the third and also with like 16 to 20 on the fourth level where they watched the activities that were going on below in the lobby. The construction difficulties resulted in a subtle but flawed design change that doubled the load on the connection between the fourth floor walkway that supported beams and the tie rods carrying the weight of both walkways which the design could barely adequately support the dead load weight of the structure itself. With the weight of the spectators the connection failed and the fourth floor walkway collapsed onto the second floor walkway then both fell unto the lobby killing 111 and injuring 219, but later on 3 more passed away in the hospital. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyatt_Regency_walkway_collapse On july 17,1981 the Hyatt Regency hotel held a videotaped tea dance party. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=czmQS81k9eM There was a crew of reporters there to record the dance. They recorded the walkways and showed all the people dancing and others at a bar area because there were 4 different bar sections. Later on around 7:00, they had to change the battery and while they were changing the battery the walkways then collapsed onto the lobby and there was silence for like a moment then all of a sudden there were people screaming and yelling for help. The reporters then turned on again the camera and recorded after the walkways had collapsed. Due to evidence supplied at the Hearings, a number of principals involved lost their engineering licenses, a number of firms went bankrupt, and many expensive legal suits were settled out of court Rubric rating submitted on: 12/21/2016, 12:43:50 PM by [emailprotected] 10 5 0 Title Page    Your score: 5 x Present not done Table of Contents    Your score: 5 x Present not done Abstract    Your score: 3 Present not done Introduction    Your score: 5 x Background    Your score: 7 Present not done Investigation    Your score: 5 Present not done Findings    Your score: 0 Present not done Impact    Your score: 0 Present not done Conclusion    Your score: 0 x not done References    Your score: 3 References included no references Notes    Your score: 10 Notes recorded no notes 6 Content Pages    Your score: 2 filled 6 pages 3 content pages no contents pages

Marriage Proposal in Pride and Prejudice Essay -- Pride Prejudice Essa

Marriage Proposal in Pride and Prejudice During "Pride and Prejudice" there are six examples of marriage proposals to consider. Throughout this essay I am going to be commenting on the proposals between Mr Darcy and Lizzie the first time, Mr Collins and Lizzie, Mr Collins and Charlotte as well as Mr Bingley and Jane, Wickham and Lydia and the second proposal of Mr Darcy to Lizzie. Whilst looking at these proposals I will also be analysing the aspects of Love, Money, the relative status and class and the views of others, which might have influence within these proposals. The first proposal I am going to analyse is Mr Darcy to Lizzie. Mr Darcy proposed to Lizzie in Kent at Mr Collins and Charlotte's house when Lizzie was visiting them for a few weeks and Mr Darcy was staying with Lady Catherine De Bourgh, his aunt. Mr Darcy and Lizzie were first acquainted with one another at Netherfield's, which is the neighbouring estate to Longbourne, Lizzie's family house. They met at a ball, which was held by the new lodger Mr Bingley at Netherfield's, and Mr Darcy was there as a friend of Mr Bingley's who hosting the ball for his new arrival to the village. Lizzie and Darcy didn't get on at first as Lizzie thought he was arrogant and unsociable. But Mr Darcy's dislike for Lizzie gradually grew to love for her. It seems that the continuation of this dislike was all a cover for his real feelings as he did not want to love or marry a woman who was beneath him in every state, money and status and especially the views of others would of discouraged him to act upon his feelings for Lizzie as he was thought of as much more superior to Lizzie and her family and at that time it was thought of as wrong or unheard of to mar... ...an to get married over that age. There were also many issues that a woman had to think about before they got married, whether they were in love which wasn't a major issue but it was though of as a bonus if they were. Money and status played a huge role in deciding who to marry, rich men went for women of the same class or a bit higher which made it difficult for woman of a lower class or without much wealth to marry a wealthier or higher classed man. It was thought of as unethical to marry someone beneath you in any state. The influence of others played a big role in those days as people were put under a lot of pressure to get married as soon as possible and to someone higher up the society ladder. As you can see the attitudes to marriage in the 19th Century in which these characters lived in is very different to the attitudes in which we live in today.